Actividad para repasar voz activa y voz pasiva. Debajo están las
soluciones. Hacia fin de la semana subiré otra actividad.
A. Leer el siguiente texto comprensivamente.
B. Buscar 4
verbos en voz activa e identificar los sujetos correspondientes.
Traducir sujetos y verbos.
C. Buscar verbos
en voz pasiva.
I. Identificar los sujetos
correspondientes.
II. Indicar el tiempo verbal del
verbo.
III. Traducir la oración.
Texto: Sensory-motor development
Extract from : Trombly C. 1995. Occupational Therapy for Physical
Dysfunction. Ed. Williams and Wilkins. Baltimore .
Neurodevelopmental Approach. Chapter: Evaluation of Motor Control.
Development
depends on the maturation of the nervous system and the sensory-motor abilities
to interpret and use stimuli to change behavior patterns for more effective
functioning in the environment. All sense modalities are present at birth. The
ability to interpret and use these sensations develops with cerebral cortex
maturation. Propioceptive, tactile, and vestibular senses are highly developed
before birth. The newborn is dominated by reflexes of the spinal cord and brain
stem with mature cells. Cortical control movement is not possible because many
cells of the cortex are not mature enough to function. The motor area of the cortex matures
relatively fast. The cerebellum is concerned with balance and posture. It
matures slowly at first and increases rapidly in size and complexity between 6
and 8 months of age. Motor development progresses from mass patterns of
movement to more selective, specific movements.
Development
of conscious control progresses in a cephalo-caudal direction from control of
the head and eyes, to the trunk, then the upper extremities, and finally the
lower extremities.
The sequence of development of
sensory-motor control progresses from lifting the head in a prone position, to
rolling over, to prone on elbows, to assuming a quadruped position, to sitting
to creeping on all fours, to kneel-standing, to standing and walking. Control
of the extremities develops proximally to distally. The development of motor
patterns in hand function is described by Jean Ayres. It progresses as follows:
(a) control of neck and eye movements, (b) trunk stability and balance, (c ) shoulder girdle and shoulder
stability and movement, (d) elbow motion, (e) gross grasp, (f) wrist
positioning and movement, (g) release of grasp, (h) forearm supination and pronation , ( I) individual
finger manipulation. Each item in the progression overlaps the previous item(s) in time. One
component is still being completed as the next begins.
Soluciones de las actividades del texto “Sensory-motor development”
B.
1. depends on (línea 1): depende de
Sujeto de la oración: El desarrollo
2. develops (línea 3): se desarrolla
Sujeto: La habilidad para interpretar y
usar estas sensaciones
3. matures (línea 7): madura
Sujeto: El área motora de la corteza
4. increases (línea 8): aumenta
Sujeto: El cerebelo
C.
1. is
dominated (línea 5): es dominado, presente simple
Sujeto de la oración: El recién nacido
El recién nacido es dominado por reflejos
de la médula espinal y el tronco cerebral con células maduras.
2. is
described (línea 16): es descrito, presente simple
Sujeto: El desarrollo de patrones motores
en la función de la mano
El desarrollo de patrones motores en la
función de la mano es descrito por Jean Ayres.
“are developed" (línea
4) no lo considero un ejemplo de voz pasiva porque, si bien la forma del
sintagma verbal es similar a la forma de voz pasiva, en este caso lo que parece
un verbo de acción en pasado participio es un adjetivo terminado en “–ed”.
are developed: están
desarrollados
be + adjetivo
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